科研動態(tài)

為了解湖南省養(yǎng)殖場戶牛結(jié)節(jié)性皮膚?。↙SD）防控情況，2021年11—12月以在線問卷調(diào)查方式，對湖南省10個市州188個牛養(yǎng)殖場戶的養(yǎng)殖情況、養(yǎng)殖方式以及LSD知曉情況、免疫與治療情況進行問卷調(diào)查。結(jié)果顯示：參與調(diào)查的牛養(yǎng)殖場戶中，存欄小于50頭的占69.68%；27.66%、45.21%的場戶分別采用散養(yǎng)、散養(yǎng)圈養(yǎng)混合飼養(yǎng)方式；6.91%的場戶只進行外購犢牛育肥，35.11%采用自繁自養(yǎng)聯(lián)合外購犢牛育肥。13.92%場戶的外購牛群直接與養(yǎng)殖場內(nèi)牛群混養(yǎng)，不進行隔離；94.68%的場戶知曉LSD，其中89.36%認為LSD可以治療；26.06%的場戶出現(xiàn)過疑似LSD癥狀；59.57%的場戶進行了全群LSD免疫，9.57%進行了部分牛群免疫；96.15%的場戶免疫后未再出現(xiàn)疑似癥狀，12.31%免疫后有輕微副反應。結(jié)果表明：湖南省牛養(yǎng)殖以小規(guī)模為主，飼養(yǎng)方式較為傳統(tǒng)，存在一定的LSD傳入發(fā)生風險，但養(yǎng)殖場戶具備一定的防疫意識，LSD知曉率較高，能夠主動采取免疫、隔離、治療等預防和控制措施，能夠及時發(fā)現(xiàn)疑似病例，因此總體發(fā)生風險可控。今后需要繼續(xù)加強免疫、調(diào)運監(jiān)管和防控宣傳，有效控制該病的傳入和流行。

Questionnaire on the Prevalence and Control of Lumpy Skin Disease in Cattle Farms in Hunan Province

In order to investigate the prevalence and control of lumpy skin disease（LSD）in Hunan Province，188 cattle farms/households in 10 cities/prefectures in the province were investigated by online questionnaire on their situations and modes of breeding，as well as awareness，vacciantion and treatment against LSD from November to December 2021. The results showed that，in the investigation，small-scale farms/households with an inventory＜50 cattle accounted for 69.68%，those with the modes of free-ranging and mixed free-ranging with captive breeding were 27.66% and 45.21%，respectively，those only fattening purchased calves were 6.91%，and those with self-support in combination with purchasing calves were 35.11%. 13.92% farms/households mixed their original cattle with the purchased ones without any quarantine；94.68% awared of LSD，of which，89.36% agreed LSD could be treated；26.06% occurred suspected LSD symptoms；59.57% implemented vaccination against LSD for all population，9.57% for some population，and after vaccination，96.15% were absent from suspected symptoms，and 12.31% showed mild side effects. In conclusion，small-scale breeding played a main role in the province with relatively traditional mode，which brought a certain risk for spreading LSD. However，a certain awareness of disease control was observed in the farms/households where LSD was well known，so preventive and control measures such as vaccination，quarantine and treatment could be actively taken to find any suspected cases in time. Therefore，the risk of disease occurrence was controllable in general. To this end，it was recommended that supervision for vaccination and transportation should be further strengthened to effectively control any introduction or prevalence of the disease.

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